7,000 millones de bocas / Leonardo Boff Theologian
Is it possible to feed seven billion people?
Los alimentos se volvieron una mercancía ... una mercancía como cualquier otra ... dejaron de ser considerados como medios de vida ... jamás debieron estar sujetos a la especulación de los mercados ... la mesa está puesta con suficiente comida para todos ... pero los pobres no tienen acceso a ella por falta de recursos monetarios ... el sistema neoliberal imperante apuesta aún por este modelo de mercancía ... no necesita cambiar de lógica ... tolera convivir cínicamente con millones de personas hambrientas ... personas hambrientas consideradas irrelevantes para la acumulación sin límites ...
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La Tierra está innegablemente a la deriva y el calentamiento global produce gran erosión de suelos, destrucción de cosechas y millones de emigrados climáticos. Para los mercados el planeta Tierra no pasa de ser un mero medio de producción ... para ellos no es la Casa Común, Gaia, que deber ser cuidada.
Es posible alimentar siete mil milliones de personas?
09/12/2011
Ya somos 7 mil millones de personas. ¿Habrá alimentos suficientes para todos? Hay varias respuestas. Escogemos una del grupo Agrimonde (véase Développement et civilisations, septiembre 2011) de base francesa, que estudió la situación alimentaria de seis regiones críticas del planeta. El grupo de científicos es optimista, incluso para cuando seamos 9 mil millones de habitantes. Propone dos caminos: profundizar la conocida revolución verde de los años 60 del siglo pasado y la llamada doble revolución verde.
La revolución verde tuvo el mérito de refutar la tesis de Malthus, según la cual ocurriría un desequilibrio entre el crecimiento poblacional de proporciones geométricas y el crecimiento alimentar de proporciones aritméticas, produciendo un colapso de la humanidad. Comprobó que con las nuevas tecnologías, una mayor utilización de las áreas agrícolas cultivables y una masiva aplicación de tóxicos, antes destinados a la guerra y ahora a la agricultura, se podía producir mucho más de lo que la población demandaba.
Tal previsión demostró ser acertada, pues hubo un salto significativo en la oferta de alimentos, aunque por causa de la falta de equidad del sistema neoliberal y capitalista, millones y millones de personas siguen teniendo una situación de hambre crónica y de miseria. Bien es verdad que ese crecimiento alimentario ha tenido un costo ecológico extremadamente alto: se envenenaron los suelos, se contaminaron las aguas, se empobreció la biodiversidad además de provocar erosión y desertificación en muchas regiones del mundo, especialmente en África.
Todo se agravó cuando los alimentos se volvieron una mercancía como cualquier otra en vez de ser considerados como medios de vida que, por su naturaleza, jamás deberían estar sujetos a la especulación de los mercados.La mesa está puesta con suficiente comida para todos pero los pobres no tienen acceso a ella por falta de recursos monetarios. Continúan hambrientos y su número crece.
El sistema neoliberal imperante apuesta aún por este modelo, pues no necesita cambiar de lógica, tolerando convivir cínicamente con millones de personas hambrientas, consideradas irrelevantes para la acumulación sin límites.
Esta solución no solo es miope sino falsa, además de ser cruel y sin piedad. Los que todavía la defienden no toman en serio que la Tierra está innegablemente a la deriva y que el calentamiento global produce gran erosión de suelos, destrucción de cosechas y millones de emigrados climáticos. Para ellos la Tierra no pasa de ser un mero medio de producción, no la Casa Común, Gaia, que deber ser cuidada.
A decir verdad, quienes entienden de alimentos son los agricultores. Producen el 70% de todo lo que la humanidad consume. Por eso, deben ser oídos e incluidos en cualquier solución que sea tomada por el poder público, por las empresas, y por la sociedad, pues se trata de la supervivencia de todos.
Dada la superpoblación humana, cada pedazo de suelo debe ser aprovechado pero dentro del alcance y de los límites de su ecosistema; se deben utilizar o reciclar lo más posible todos los residuos orgánicos, economizar al máximo la energía, desarrollando las energías alternativas, favorecer la agricultura familiar, las cooperativas medianas y pequeñas. Y finalmente, ir hacia una democracia alimentaria en la cual productores y consumidores tomarán conciencia de las respectivas responsabilidades, con conocimiento e información acerca de la situación real de sostenibilidad del planeta, consumiendo de forma diferente, solidaria, frugal y sin desperdicios.
Tomando en cuenta tales datos, Agrimonde propone una doble revolución verde en el siguiente sentido: acepta prolongar la primera revolución verde con sus contradicciones ecológicas, pero simultáneamente propone una segunda revolución verde. Ésta implica que los consumidores incorporen hábitos cotidianos diferentes de los actuales, más conscientes de los impactos ambientales y abiertos a la solidaridad internacional para que el alimento sea de hecho un derecho accesible a todos.
Siendo optimistas, podemos decir que esta última propuesta es razonablemente sostenible. Se está organizando, de manera embrionaria en todas las partes del mundo, a través de la agricultura orgánica familiar, de pequeñas y medianas empresas, de la agricultura ecológica, de las ecovillas y otras formas más respetuosas con la naturaleza. Es viable y tal vez tenga que ser el camino obligatorio para la humanidad futura.
Is it possible to feed seven billion people?
Leonardo Boff - Theologian - Earthcharter Commission
We are already 7 billion people. Will there be enough food for everyone? There are several answers. We will pick one, from the Agrimonde Group (see, Développement et civilisations, September 2011) based in France, that studied the food situation of six critical regions of the planet. This group of scientists is optimist, even when we reach 9 billion inhabitants. The group suggests two paths: to deepen the green revolution of the 1960s, and the so-called double green revolution.
The green revolution had the merit of refuting Malthus' thesis, according to which an imbalance would develop between population, which is growing geometrically, and food production, which is increasing only arithmetically, causing the collapse of humanity. The green revolution showed that with new technologies, a greater utilization of land for agriculture, and massive application of toxins, previously destined for war and now for agriculture, we could produce much more of what the population demands.
This proved to be correct, because there was a significant rise in the sale of food, even though the inequities of the neoliberal and capitalist system causes millions and millions of people to continue suffering chronic hunger and misery. It is also true that this increase in food production has come at an extremely high ecological cost: soils were poisoned, waters contaminated, and bio-diversity impoverished, in addition to causing erosion and turning arable land into deserts in many regions of the world, especially in Africa.
It all got worse when food became just another commodity, instead of being considered a means of life that, given its nature, never should be subjected to market speculation. There is enough food for everyone, but the poor do not have access to it, for lack of money. The poor stay hungry, and their numbers are increasing. The current neoliberal system still supports this model, and experiences no need to change its logic, which allows it to cynically coexist with millions of hungry people, who are considered irrelevant to the goal of limitless accumulation.
This solution is not only myopic, but false, besides being cruel and pitiless. Those who still defend it do not take seriously the fact that the Earth is undeniably adrift and that global warming causes great soil erosion, the destruction of harvests, and millions of climate migrants. To them the Earth is nothing more than merely a means of production, not the Common House, Gaia, that must be cared for.
To tell the truth, the farmers understand about food. They produce 70% of all that humanity consumes. For that reason, they must be heard and included in any solution that may be taken by the public powers, by enterprises, and by society, because it is about the survival of all.
Given human overpopulation, all arable land must be used, but within the reach and the limits of its eco-systems; all organic residues must be used or recycled to the extent possible, the conservation of energy must be maximized, alternative energies developed, and precedence given to family farms, medium and small cooperatives. And finally, we must move towards a food democracy, where producers and consumers are conscious of their respective responsibilities, with knowledge and information about the realities of sustainability of the planet, and a different model of consumption, in solidarity, frugally and without waste.
Taking into account these facts, Agrimonde proposes a double green revolution in the following form: it accepts continuation of the first green revolution, with its ecological contradictions, but simultaneously proposes a second green revolution. This implies that the consumers incorporate daily habits different from the current ones, more aware of their environmental impact, and open to international solidarity, so that food may become in fact a right accessible to everyone.
Being optimists, we can say that this proposal is reasonably sustainable. It is being organized in an embryonic form everywhere in the world, through the organic family farms, small and medium enterprises, ecological agriculture and towns, and other ways of being respectful of nature. It is possible, and may well be the obligatory path for humanity in the future.
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Action Against Hunger, Asia,
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Post subject: Hunger and Famine in Somalia
July 28 2011
World's biggest refugee camp extended as Somalis flood in....
Thousands of Somalis fleeing drought, famine and war have started moving into a new extension of the world's largest refugee camp in Kenya, which is increasingly concerned about bearing the brunt of the Horn of Africa crisis.
About 1,500 Somali refugees are now crossing into Kenya each day but there is no room for them in the congested Dadaab camp, which was declared full in 2008.
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Instead, 65,000 refugees have been forced to "self-settle" in cardboard and plastic shelters on flood-prone land outside the camp.
The Kenyan government opened Dadaab camp, designed for 90,000 refugees, in 1991 as a temporary solution to the civil war across the border. But 20 years on, it hosts 440,000 refugees with no end in sight to the conflict.
The U.N. World Food Program said it cannot access 2.2 million hungry people in rebel-controlled territory in southern Somalia.
http://news.yahoo.com/worlds-biggest-re ... 06117.html
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